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Product Introduction
Changes in urban environment
The disruption of water circulation due to the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in impermeable areas.
As urbanization accelerates, the increase in impermeable surfaces leads to a rise in the runoff of rainwater. Consequently, as the infiltration into the soil gets blocked, cities are experiencing severe disruptions in water circulation.
Increased surface runoff of rainwater due to impermeable paving.
In the past, there was a natural water cycle where a significant amount of rainfall infiltrated into the ground, and surface runoff flowing directly into rivers was suppressed, resulting in flood mitigation, groundwater recharge, and natural water purification. However, in today's cities, the increase in impermeable surfaces such as concrete buildings and asphalt roads leads to rapid runoff of rainwater, causing persistent disruptions in the water cycle.
The increase in nonpoint source pollution due to rapid urbanization.
With the increase in paved roads due to industrialization and urbanization, rainwater contaminated by nonpoint source pollution is unable to be absorbed into the ground, leading to a situation where natural purification processes by soil and vegetation are hindered. Additionally, the collection and purification of pollutants such as sediment, suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals become increasingly challenging. Unpurified nonpoint source pollution flowing into rivers poses significant environmental concerns.
Another issue with impermeable paving is the phenomenon of urban heat islands.
Urban areas covered with concrete and asphalt structures easily heat up due to solar radiation, and within cities, there are many sources of heat generation such as factories, homes, and vehicles, which produce a lot of heat when burning fuel. Therefore, urban areas tend to have temperatures about 2 to 5 degrees Celsius higher than nearby suburban areas. When connecting points with the same temperature on a map, the increased temperature distribution within the city forms contours resembling an island, hence the name "heat island."
